biologia plantarum

International journal on Plant Life established by Bohumil Němec in 1959

Biologia plantarum 52:601-615, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0120-6

The relationship between vernalization-and photoperiodically-regulated genes and the development of frost tolerance in wheat and barley

K. Kosová1,*, I. T. Práąil1, P. Vítámvás1
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6-Ruzyně, Czech Republic

The review summarizes the level of current knowledge of impacts of vernalization and photoperiod on the induction and maintenance of frost tolerance (FrT) in wheat and barley. The phenomenon of vernalization is briefly described and the major vernalization (VRN) loci are characterised. Vernalization requirement and the three major growth habits of Triticeae (facultative, winter and spring) are defined on the basis of the two-locus VRN-2/VRN-1 epistatic model. Major photoperiodically regulated genes, which influence the transition to flowering, are characterised and their interactions with VRN genes are briefly discussed. The phenomenon of induction of FrT during the process of cold acclimation (CA) is described and the major cold-induced Cor/Lea genes are listed. Important regulatory mechanisms, i.e., CBF pathway, controlling the expression of Cor/Lea genes under cold, are discussed. The major loci affecting the development of FrT in Triticeae, the Fr loci, are characterised. In conclusion, current progress in this research field is summarized and new questions arising in the area are formulated.

Keywords: cold acclimation; Hordeum; Triticum
Subjects: abscisic acid (ABA); acclimatization, acclimation; barley; chromosomes; cold stress, acclimation, low temperature; genetic transformation; Hordeum sp.; in vitro culture, regeneration; in vitro culture, somatic embryogenesis; photoperiod; proteins; vernalization; wheat

Received: January 24, 2008; Accepted: June 2, 2008; Published: December 1, 2008  Show citation

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Kosová, K., Práąil, I.T., & Vítámvás, P. (2008). The relationship between vernalization-and photoperiodically-regulated genes and the development of frost tolerance in wheat and barley. Biologia plantarum, 52(4), 601-615. doi: 10.1007/s10535-008-0120-6
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