Advances in the application of biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants

Y. WANG, P.M. LI, L.N.YAO, Y.Y. SHANG, S. LIU, J.X. MENG, S.Y. ZHANG, H.H. Li

Biologia plantarum 66:163-171, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.014  

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants. They not only confer a wide spectrum of pigmentation to plant flowers but also protect plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Simultaneously, these compounds also offer health benefits to humans. Significant efforts have been made to correlate specific flavonoid production with biosynthetic pathway gene expression. Some structure genes and transcription factors that regulate the biosynthetic pathway have been identified. However, the diverse and complex control of flavonoid accumulation is still not well understood. In this mini-review, we summarized the improvement of flavonoids...

Glandular trichomes of medicinal plants: types, separation and purification, biological activities

H.M. TANG, Q. JIANG, H.Y. LIU, F. ZHANG, Q. LIU, G.B. PU, J. LI, L.N. WANG, Y.Q. ZHANG

Biologia plantarum 66:219-227, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.027  

Glandular trichomes (GTs) are one of the epidermal tissues of medicinal plants which function in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of secondary metabolites. The active ingredients of Chinese medicinal materials are mostly secondary metabolites of plants. Accordingly, it is of great research value to explore the quality of medicinal materials using the GTs of medicinal plants as the starting point. However, most of the current studies on GTs of medicinal plants are still at the simple morphological identification stage, and there are few studies on the compounds secreted by GTs and secondary metabolic processes. Here, we reviewed the literature,...

Transcriptomic and proteomic mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in plants

K. JAMSHIDI GOHARRIZI, S. KARAMI, T. BASAKI, M. MOSTAFAEI DEHNAVI, M.A. NEJAT, M.M. MOMENI, G. MERU

Biologia plantarum 66:240-254, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.030  

Abiotic stress is one of the major challenges facing crop production globally. Abiotic stress resulting from low temperature is a major limitation to crop production, especially in the temperate regions of the world. Cold stress not only influence crop development and reduce yields, but also curtail the efficient distribution of agricultural products worldwide. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cold stress tolerance is important for the development of strategies to manage crop loss and improve yield. In this review, we explore the major molecular mechanisms involved in plant cold tolerance, including recent discoveries on interrelated...

Transcriptomic and proteomic profile approaches toward drought and salinity stresses

K. JAMSHIDI GOHARRIZI, S. KARAMI, M.R. HAMBLIN, M.M. MOMENI, T. BASAKI, M. MOSTAFAEI DEHNAVI, M. NAZARI

Biologia plantarum 66:255-271, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.035  

Drought and salinity, which can alter the water balance, disrupt the ionic equilibrium, and create reactive oxygen species (ROS), are capable of destroying plant tissues. In this study, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been used to elucidate various abiotic stress responses. In transcriptional signaling pathways, abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the plant phytohormones that regulate the stress response. On the other hand, several regulons and factors of transcription contributed in the reaction to osmotic stresses, as well as in ABA-dependent/independent signaling pathways. However, the findings display that intricate molecular reaction...

Identification of key genes related to flowering by transcriptome of flowering and nonflowering Prunella vulgaris

Y.H. CHEN, Z.Z. LI, Q.S. GUO, C.L. WANG, L.P. CAO, H. TANG, J.Y. HU

Biologia plantarum 66:1-13, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.056  

Prunella vulgaris L. have high medicinal and ornamental values. It blooms in summer and then quickly withers, and there is no research on the regulatory mechanisms of flowering-related genes. Therefore, in this study, the flowering (leaves and spicas) and nonflowering (leaves) parts of P. vulgaris were sequenced with an Illumina HiSeq 4000, and 187 387 transcripts were obtained using Trinity software package. A total of 10 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the leaves of flowering and nonflowering P. vulgaris, with 6 294 upregulated genes and 3 864 downregulated genes. DEGs in leaves of flowering and...

Identification of TPS and TPP gene families in Cannabis sativa and their expression under abiotic stresses

J. SUN, Z.G. DAI, X.Y. ZHANG, Q. TANG, C.H. CHENG, C. LIU, Y. YU, G.C. XU, D.W. XIE, J.G. SU

Biologia plantarum 66:14-23, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.051  

Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is involved in the regulation of plant responses to a variety of environmental stresses. Trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are two key enzymes in trehalose synthesis and they are widely distributed in higher plants. At present, TPS family genes have been systematically identified and analyzed in many plant species, but the TPP family genes have been rarely studied. In this study, ten TPS and six TPP genes in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) were identified at the genomic level. The phylogenetic tree of TPS and TPP...

Heat stress transcription factor DcHsfA1d isolatedfrom Dianthus caryophyllus enhances thermotoleranceand salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis

X.L. WAN, Y. Y. SUN, Y. FENG, M.Z. BAO, J.W. ZHANG

Biologia plantarum 66:29-38, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.061  

Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) participate in a variety of plant physiological processes including the regulation of transcription factors associated with thermotolerance. Here, a Hsf gene DcHsfA1d was identified from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). The open reading frame (ORF) of DcHsfA1d was 1 368 bp and encoded a protein of 455 amino acids with a molecular mass of 51.039 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.94. Sequence domain prediction revealed that DcHsfA1d protein exhibited five typical functional features and motifs. The transcription of DcHsfA1d was significantly up-regulated under heat stress...

Selection of suitable reference genes for real-time qPCR gene expression in cauliflower under abiotic stress and methyl jasmonate treatment

H. LIN, Q.R. ZHANG, J.S. CAO, B.Y. QIU, H.S. ZHU, Q.F. WEN

Biologia plantarum 66:46-55, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.057  

Cauliflower is one of the most important popular vegetables in China. Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) produces glucosinolates, which are secondary metabolites that have anti-cancer properties. The choice of suitable reference genes (RGs) for gene expression studies has a significant effect on experimental outcomes. In this study, we selected 15 candidates as RGs and analyzed them under heat, cold, drought, and salt stresses and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. The precision of the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction data was assessed using four methods (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper,...

Responses of woody plant Dalbergia odorifera treated with glycine betaine to drought and cold stresses: involvement of the alternative oxidase

E.H.M. CISSE, D.-D. LI, J. ZHANG, L.-Y. GUO, L.-F. MIAO, F. YANG

Biologia plantarum 66:56-66, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.062  

Woody plants faced multiple abiotic stresses in forest plantation that can influence their growth and development. Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen is a vulnerably endangered tree species, and references about its responses to abiotic stresses are very rare in literature. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the abiotic stress tolerance in plants induced by exogenous glycine betaine (GB) remains unclear. Indeed, the alternative oxidase (AOX) is one of the major components of antioxidant enzymatic machinery, and there are no studies that focused on the effects of GB on the amount of AOX protein in plants under drought or cold stresses. Thus, the...

Evaluation of the phytotoxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in Chinese cabbage

Y.T. MENG, Q.Y. ZHAO, L.Y. WANG, C. XU, N.W. QIU, R.J. WANG, F. ZHOU

Biologia plantarum 66:67-75, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.076  

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), a major component of brominated flame retardants, has been detected in considerable amounts in the soil. Given that BDE-209 is toxic, ubiquitous, and persistent, it may cause toxic effects on vegetables planted in contaminated soil. In this study, Chinese cabbage seedlings cultivated in the soil contaminated by BDE-209 (5 - 20 mg kg^-1) for 60 d were investigated to evaluate the phytotoxicity of BDE-209 in terms of growth, physiological responses, photosynthetic function, and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that BDE-209-induced phytotoxicity was reflected in the growth suppression, the decrease...

Fullerenol affects maize plants depending on their iron status

N.P. BITYUTSKII, K.L. YAKKONEN, K.A. LUKINA, K.N. SEMENOV

Biologia plantarum 66:76-82, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.071  

Although fullerene (C₆₀) has attracted great interest as a carbon-based nanomaterial with unique properties, today, little is known about the interaction of its water-soluble derivates, including fullerenol with higher plants. Here, we investigated how fullerenol [C₆₀(OH)_22-24] affects Zea mays, as a Strategy II plant, depending on its iron status. Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common nutritional disorder affecting plants. Maize plants were grown hydroponically, either with [+Fe^II (ferrous) or +Fe^III (ferric)] or in Fe-free (-Fe^II and -Fe^III) nutrient solution and...

PgLEA, a gene for late embryogenesis abundant proteinfrom Panax ginseng, enhances drought and salt tolerancein transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

W.H. LIAN, R. SUN, L.X. ZHANG, T.X. SUN, F. HUI, L. FENG, Y. ZHAO

Biologia plantarum 66:83-95, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.063  

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are important for promoting the growth and stress tolerance of plants. They are widely involved in plant growth regulation and responses to hormones and environmental factors. However, knowledge of the functions of the LEA gene in ginseng species remains limited. In this study, a Panax ginseng LEA gene (PgLEA) expression vector was constructed, and stable transgenic Arabidopsis lines were established. The PgLEA protein was classified in the LEA-2 subgroup. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of PgLEA increased under 300 mM NaCl...

Regulation of StTCP15 gene expression and tuber dormancy characteristics of potato by gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and low temperature

Y. CHE, Y.-Q. LIAO, X. FU, Y. YUE, N. ZHANG, H.-J. SI

Biologia plantarum 66:96-102, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.065  

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Eshu 10 was used to investigate the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA₃), abscisic acid (ABA), and low-temperature stress on changes of hormone content, expression patterns of StTCP15 gene, and tuber dormancy characteristics. Under GA₃ treatment and low-temperature stress, tuber dormancy was broken in about one week sooner compared with the control group, but ABA treatment did not significantly promote the breaking of tuber dormancy. The results of hormone determination using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed that the content of ABA in tubers treated...

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in the pericarp of Litchi chinensis

F. LI, J.H. SUN, J.L. MEN, H.L. LI, G. WANG, S.J. WANG, J.B. WANG

Biologia plantarum 66:103-111, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.066  

Real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is an important tool for gene expression analysis. Suitable reference genes are the basis of accurate and reliable RT-qPCR results. Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a commercially important tropical and subtropical fruit, but rapid pericarp browning is a substantial negative impact on its commercial use. Reference gene validation could help in the screening for genes involved in the browning mechanism. We assessed 15 new candidate reference genes from litchi transcriptome to determine stable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of pericarps from different cultivars, with differing...

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the AhTrx family genes in peanut

X. LI, G.J. SU, A. NTAMBIYUKURI, B. TONG, J. ZHAN, A.Q. WANG, D. XIAO, L.F. HE

Biologia plantarum 66:112-122, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.077  

Thioredoxins (Trx) are small multifunctional redox proteins that contain thioredoxin conserved domain and active site WCXXC. The Trx family has an important role in multiple processes, including electron transport, seed germination, redox regulation, biotic and abiotic stresses resistance, etc. Although Trx genes have been extensively characterized in some plants, they have not been reported in peanut until now. The identification of AhTrx genes provides potential candidate genes for studying their effects and regulatory mechanisms in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and development, especially under aluminium (Al) stress....

In vivo assessment of salinity stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing Solanum tuberosum D200 gene

M.A. GURURANI

Biologia plantarum 66:123-131, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.072  

Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a potato D200 gene encoding a hypothetical protein were subjected to salinity stress and assessed for their tolerance. The D200 Arabidopsis lines exhibited increased chlorophyll content, improved stomatal conductance, less electrolyte leakage, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and a higher amount of proline compared to the wild type (WT) plants under salinity stress. The gene expression analysis revealed that D200 plants accumulated a significantly higher amount of mRNA transcripts of genes encoding three major antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and...

Effects of high growth-medium temperature under controlled conditions on characteristics of tomato leaves

J. BEN SALEM, S. ASHI SMITI, M. PETŘIVALSKÝ

Biologia plantarum 66:132-145, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.070  

High temperatures have become a major threat that seriously affects crop growth and yield. The present work aimed to investigate the acclimation process in adjusting plant responses to high root temperatures. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Micro-Tom) during the flowering time was subjected to heat treatments (day/night temperatures at the root level of 40 or 45 °C for 4 d) while control plants were maintained at 25 °C, and the heat-stress treatment effects were analysed in the tomato leaves. The results showed a reduction in the content of chlorophylls a and b as well as chlorophyll a/b ratio at both high temperatures....

Expression of genes encoding terpenoid biosynthesis enzymes during leaf development of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

N. ZHAN, L. HUANG, Z. WANG, J. ZHANG, Y. XIE, X. SHANG, G. LIU, Z. WU

Biologia plantarum 66:146-154, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.073  

To reveal the regulation mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, the content of volatiles in eucalyptus leaves and the transcriptome databases of young and mature leaves were analyzed. The results showed that E. camaldulensis contains 92 and 89 kinds of volatile substances in the young and mature leaves, respectively. Among them, the content of 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, and other substances was significantly different in young and mature leaves. A total of 99 802 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome database of young and mature leaves of E. camaldulensis and 18 441 genes displayed...

Amino acid metabolism and expression of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation in common oranges cv. Valencia Late

S. Fabroni, M. Amenta, S. Rapisarda, B. Torrisi, C. Licciardello

Biologia plantarum 66:155-162, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.004  

Biochemical and transcriptional approaches can provide crucial evidence about the physiological changes which can occur in organic and conventional cultivated common orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. This study aimed to investigate the change in physicochemical parameters, the concentrations of free amino acids and other N-containing compounds, and the expressions of key genes coding for enzymes linked to N assimilation in fruits of common orange cv. "Valencia Late". Two enzymes involved in different ways in N assimilation were considered: nitrate reductase (NR), catalyzing the conversion of nitrate into nitrite, and glutamate dehydrogenase...

Leaf microstructure and photosynthetic characteristics of a rice midvein-deficient mutant dl-14

G.P. KANG, N. ZHANG, T.H. TAN, Z.M. ZHANG, R. WANG, L.T. WU

Biologia plantarum 66:172-177, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.007  

Midvein is an important structure of the upright leaf of rice, and its normal development is essential to the formation of a common plant type of rice (Oryza sativa L.). To reveal the effect of midvein deficiency on photosynthesis-related characteristics, leaf microstructure, and vein characteristics, the photosynthetic features between the midvein-deficient mutant dl-14 and wild-type Huanghuazhan plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the midvein area of the dl-4 mutant lacked large intercellular space and instead it was filled with mesophyll cells. Moreover, the vein density of the dl-14 mutant was significantly...

24-epibrassinolide improved chilled tomato photosynthetic performance by stabilizing electron transport chain and function of photosystem II

W.-H. HU, X.-H. HU, C. LIU, B.-Q. WANG, X.-H. YAN

Biologia plantarum 66:178-187, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.008  

To explore the protective mechanisms of brassinosteroids in the chill-induced photoinhibition in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we studied the effect of foliar sprayed 24-epibrassinolide (EBR, 0.1µM) on the gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in tomato seedlings under chilling stress (a temperature of 8 ℃ and an irradiance of 200 µmol m^-2 s^-1) for 4 d. Results showed that chilling significantly inhibited CO₂ assimilation and induced photoinhibition of photosystem II (PS II). However, photosystem I (PS I) was relatively tolerant...

LC-MS/MS shotgun proteomics reveals biochemical mechanisms of Paspalum fasciculatum tolerance to Pb-stress

M. SALAS-MORENO, M.Á. CASTILLEJO, C. LÓPEZ-HIDALGO, J. MARRUGO-NEGRETE, E. RODRÍGUEZ-CAVALLO, D. MENDEZ-CUADRO, J. JORRÍN-NOVO

Biologia plantarum 66:188-200, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.016  

Paspalum fasciculatum Willd. ex Flüggé grows in mining soils which are Cd- and Pb-contaminated where it exhibits tolerance to Pb and the ability to extract Pb from these soils. To elucidate tolerance mechanisms to Pb-stress, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify changes in the accumulation of proteins in leaves. We identified 323 proteins involved in primary metabolism and response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Although proteins involved in the processes of photosynthesis and saccharide and energy metabolism presented the greatest amount of down-regulated proteins, the plant was able to maintain...

Overexpression of genes encoding enzymes involved in trehalose synthesis from Caragana korshinskii enhances drought tolerance of transgenic plants

X.-Y. HUANG, Y.-Y. LI, T.-J. ZHAO, W.-Y. LIU, Y.-N. FENG, L. WANG, Y.-C. MA, X.-F. LIN

Biologia plantarum 66:207-218, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.023  

Trehalose, which plays important roles in resistance to abiotic stresses and preservation of biological activity in plants, is synthesized by two key enzymes, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). Therefore, the expressions of the TPS and TPP genes directly affect trehalose synthesis and stress resistance of plants. In this study, CkTPS and CkTPP from Caragana korshinskii were identified, and the role of trehalose synthesis in the adaptation of this desert plant to adverse conditions was investigated. Higher CkTPS and CkTPP expressions were observed in the...

Modulation of tomato root architecture and root hair traitsby Pseudomonas brassicacearum and Variovorax paradoxus containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase

A.A. BELIMOV, P.S. ULIANICH, D.S. SYROVA, A.I. SHAPOSHNIKOV, V.I. SAFRONOVA, I.C. DODD

Biologia plantarum 66:228-239, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.025  

By decreasing root 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content and plant ethylene production, the microbial enzyme ACC deaminase is a widespread beneficial trait of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), ameliorating ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition. However, relatively little is known about whether bacterial ACC deaminase modulates root architecture and root hair traits. Thus the dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom was inoculated in vitro with Pseudomonas brassicacearum Am3, its ACC deaminase deficient mutant T8-1, a known PGPR strain Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2 or chemically treated with...

Cloning and functional analysis of expansin TaEXPA9 orthologs in winter wheat in frigid regions

Z.Y. ZHAO, B.Z. HU, X. FENG, F.L. LI, F.M. HE, J.W. WU, C.J. XU, L. LI, Y.Q. XU

Biologia plantarum 66:272-286, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.029  

Long-term low temperatures restrict the regrowth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), thus decreasing agricultural output. Non-enzymatic expansins, which are related to plant growth, have been reported to respond to drought, salinity, and low-temperature stress. We obtained an expansin 3 gene, TaEXPA9. It is located in winter wheat cv. Dongnong with high cold hardiness. We analyzed the expression patterns of TaEXPA9-A/B/D in this cultivar and conducted a subcellular localization analysis of TaEXPA9-A/B/D in the onion epidermis. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana line with EXPA9-A/B/D overexpression was obtained...

Responses of Lilium hybrid 'Brindisi' to varying periods of waterlogging at vegetative stages

M.-M. CHEN, G.-P. NIE, L.-Y. YANG, X. LI, Y.-M. CAI, Y.-C. ZHANG

Biologia plantarum 66:287-297, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.031  

Lilium species with ornamental, edible, and medicinal values are distributed all over the world. Little is known about the responses of Lilium genotypes to waterlogging stress. Lilium hybrid 'Brindisi' was used to study the physiological responses of roots, bulbs, and leaves to 1, 2, 4, 8, and 13 d of waterlogging stress. Results showed that waterlogging stress seriously hindered the transport of nutrients from bulbs to stems and leaves. The physiological indicators could be divided into two categories. The first category was the physiological parameters indicating plant damage. The dry and fresh masses of stems and leaves, chlorophyll...

Abscisic acid affects the floret numbers of inflorescence by regulating indole-3-acetic acid transport and accumulation in Lavandula angustifolia

H.P. HAO, Y.M. DONG, X.P. ZHU, H.T. BAI, H.LI, J. GONG, A. FAROOQ, L. SHI

Biologia plantarum 66:298-307, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.032  

Lavender flower essential oil had been used for a variety of therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Previous studies mainly focused on essential oil composition and extraction methods, ignoring the factors that affected the production of essential oils, such as the floret number. This study aims to get a deep insight into the mechanism of floret number differences. Hormone analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between abscisic acid (ABA) content and the number of florets, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was negatively correlated with floret numbers. RNA-Seq results showed that 1 035 differentially expressed genes (DEG) can be identified,...

Gender- and season-related variability in the content of proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in Taxus baccata needles of different age

M. ZAREK

Biologia plantarum 66:308-321, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.034  

The present study aimed to determine if the needles of male and female European yew (Taxus baccata L.) trees differ in their content of basic compounds (proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates), and whether the observed differences result only from the gender factor or if they are also associated with the needles' age and season. The study was conducted on male and female European yew specimens, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow during three seasons. Male specimens had significantly higher content of insoluble carbohydrates compared to the females ones. In the first year of the needles life, the dry...

Genome-wide identification of the PYL gene family and expression of PYL genes under abiotic stresses in Chinese cabbage

X.Q. GAO, Y.L. QIAO, J. LYU, X.M. XIAO, L.L. HU, J.H. YU

Biologia plantarum 66:322-332, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.033  

The family of pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-like (PYL) regulatory components of ABA receptors (RCAR) play a vital role in the initial step of ABA signaling. To understand the expression mode of PYL genes in response to various abiotic stresses in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis), the members of BrPYL gene family were first identified with the relevant bioinformatics software. And then, the relative expressions of identified BrPYLs after heat, cold, drought, and salt treatments for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h were determined via real-time quantitative PCR. Here, we identified 24 PYLs in the B....

Variability of leaf pubescence characteristics in transgenic tobacco lines with partial proline dehydrogenase gene suppression

S.M. IBRAGIMOVA, M.A. GENAEV, A.V. KOCHETOV, D.A. AFONNIKOV

Biologia plantarum 66:24-28, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2021.067  

Proline, an amino acid, plays an important role in plants, and it is involved in stress resistance and development. Earlier, to study the proline role in maintaining stress resistance in plants, we obtained genetically modified transgenic lines of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with reduced activity of proline dehydrogenase (PDH, the proline degradation gene) and increased content of proline. Transgenic tobacco plants demonstrated greater resistance to high concentrations of NaCl, drought, low temperatures, and heavy metals vs. control plants. The visual assessment showed that the leaf pubescence in transgenic plants varied noticeably....

Okadaic acid did not change the nitrate reductase activation state in tomato seedlings

A. KOŁTON, V. VAŠTAKAITĖ-KAIRIENĖ

Biologia plantarum 66:201-206, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.021  

In this study, the total and actual nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and NR activation state, in tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cvs. Kmicic and Faworyt) treated with okadaic acid (OA) was evaluated. Seedlings were grown in a half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in a growth chamber at day/night temperatures of 22/20 °C, a photon flux density of 150 µmol m^-2 s^-1, and a 16-h photoperiod. After 10 days, plants were transferred into MS medium with 0 (control), 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 µM OA. It was found that the total and actual NR activity increased in Kmicic leaves treated with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0...

Obituary - Jan Krekule

Ivana Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 662022  

The Czech Plant Nucleus Workshop 2021

A. PECINKA, P. PROCHÁZKOVÁ SCHRUMPFOVÁ, L. FISCHER, E. DVOŘÁK TOMAŠTÍKOVÁ, I. MOZGOVÁ

Biologia plantarum 66:39-45, 2022 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2022.003  

The Czech Plant Nucleus Workshop 2021 (CPNW2021) took place during mid-September 2021 in Olomouc, Czech Republic. About 80 researchers and students working in the field of plant nuclear and chromosome biology in the Czech Republic gathered together to present and discuss their current research. The meeting revealed many plant models that are used to study plant genomes and their organization, and also a great diversity of topics including epigenetic regulation of gene expression, genome stability, telomere biology, or sex chromosomes. CPNW2021 provided a broad platform for establishing new research contacts and collaborations. Here, we summarize the...