Biologia plantarum, 2025 (vol. 69)
Reviews
Structural and functional insights into NAC transcription factors in tomato stress responses and development
Shan FU, Ying LI, Fei LIU, Chunyan LU, Tiantian LIU, Songzhou TIAN, Xiaolan ZHANG, Pingan GUO, Liang CHEN
Biologia plantarum 69:49-57, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.004 
In natural environments, the growth and development of plants are frequently impeded by a variety of stresses. These can be categorized into biotic stresses, such as those caused by fungi and bacteria, and abiotic stresses, including factors like low temperature, drought, and salinity (Zhu, 2016). These stresses impact plant photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and nutrient uptake, thereby inhibiting plant growth and ultimately resulting in a reduced crop yield and quality. To adapt to the dynamic changes in the environment, plants have evolved a series of complex defense mechanisms that are precisely regulated at the molecular, cellular, biochemical,...
Original Papers
Effects of NO3-/NH4+ ratios on growth, enzyme activity and nitrogen assimilation-related gene expression in Toona sinensis seedlings
Xiaopu SHI, Taotao SHAO, Beibei MA, Juan WANG, Mingqin FAN, Hu ZHAO
Biologia plantarum 69:12-20, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.002
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants. Different nitrate (NO3-)/ammonium (NH4+) ratios have different effects on plant growth. However, the underlying mechanism in Toona sinensis remains unclear. Thus, we determined the effects of five different NO3-/NH4+ ratios (16/0, 12/4, 8/8, 4/12, and 0/16, denoted T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively) in nutrient media on T. sinensis seedling growth. When the nitrogen source was NH4+ alone (T5) or NO3- alone (T1), the soluble protein content in the leaves...
Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of acid rain stress on Akebia trifoliata and the mitigation potential of exogenous curcumin
Xingmei TAO, Kai WANG, Xiaoxu BI, Yongfu ZHANG
Biologia plantarum 69:21-37, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.003
This study investigated the impacts of acid rain stress on Akebia trifoliata and the mitigation effects of exogenous curcumin (CUR) using integrated physiological, anatomical, and transcriptomic analyses. Acid rain stress significantly decreased chlorophyll content (total chlorophyll by 64.8%), leaf epidermal thickness (upper and lower epidermis by 58.9 and 35.6%), and starch content (by 63.9%), while increasing oxidative stress markers (MDA by 82.6%; ROS production by 345.8%) and content of osmolytes (proline by 64.4%). A. trifoliata counteracted acid rain stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities,...
Sulfur dioxide promotes wheat seed germination under drought stress and regulates antioxidant metabolism in wheat
Nan-Nan LIU, Zi-Xu LU, Xi-Kai GUO, Gui-Lin ZHOU, Yi-Ran XUAN, Zhi-Yan WANG, Zhi-Kun YU, Gai-Fang YAO, Juan LI, Rong-Fang XU, Kang-Di HU, Hua ZHANG
Biologia plantarum 69:58-67, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.006
With the drastic changes in global climate and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, abiotic stress poses a significant threat to future food crop production and is a major contributor to crop yield reduction (Ahmad et al., 2010). Wheat, one of the world's primary food crops, is susceptible to both abiotic and biotic stresses at all stages of its growth and development. Numerous studies have indicated that drought stress severely limits the growth and productivity of wheat (Xue et al., 2014; Faran et al., 2019). Therefore, understanding the effects of drought stress on wheat grain germination and developing strategies to mitigate the...
Impact of salinity stress on rice regeneration and molecular defense: insights from IR64 and Cigeulis varieties
Mohammad UBAIDILLAH, Raudhotun JAMILA, Novita FIRDAUSI, Angger Aisyah Hadiahning GUSTI, Rahmatullah JAN, Kyung Min KIM
Biologia plantarum 69:68-76, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.007
Over the past few decades, rice (Oryza sativa L.) has remained a fundamental staple crop and a primary nutritional energy source for nearly 3.5 billion people worldwide, particularly in Asia. With the global population projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, rice production must significantly increase to meet the escalating food demand. However, salinity stress poses a major abiotic challenge that severely hampers plant growth and productivity. Soil salinization, driven by climate change and rising temperatures, leads to an excessive accumulation of salts in the soil (Sári et al., 2023). This phenomenon disrupts plant physiology through water...
Clonal variation of the basic resistance factors (POD, SOD, CAT, MDA, PRO) in Michelia chapensis
Houyin DENG, Jiamin HE, Rong HUANG, Ruping WEI, Runhui WANG, Su YAN, Guandi WU, Huiquan ZHENG
Biologia plantarum 69:88-97, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.008
Michelia chapensis Dandy, a rare and endangered evergreen woody species of the genus Michelia (Magnoliaceae), is endemic to China, with only scattered natural communities (Zhou et al., 2023). First reported from Lechang City, Guangdong Province in 1929 (Dandy, 1929), it is mainly distributed across southern China, with smaller populations in Vietnam (Sima et al., 2020). Valued for its fragrant flowers, medicinal properties, timber, and strong adaptability to diverse soil and climatic conditions (Ao, 1986; Chen et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2023), M. chapensis also plays an important role in providing...
Performance assessment of predictive models for morphological and biomass traits using image-derived canopy parameter at early stage of sunflower
Kwang-O JONG, Ye-Kwang SIN, Yu-Jin JANG, Kum-Sil RI
Biologia plantarum 69:98-105, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.010
Image-derived phenotyping at individual plant level can provide more accurate and more comprehensive information than manual measuring for quantitative traits related to canopy growth in field environment. Aims of this study were to: (i) assess smartphone image-derived canopy parameter at early stage of sunflower, and (ii) to evaluate performance of predictive models for morphological and biomass traits related to canopy growth using smartphone image-derived parameter. Original top-view image datasets taken with a smartphone camera were processed, and necessary information was extracted with image analysis software developed using fuzzy c-means...
Special Issue of “Czech Society of Experimental Plant Biology”
Moderate drought stress increases resistance of Brassica napus to subsequent infection by Leptosphaeria maculans
Barbora JINDŘICHOVÁ, Marzieh MOHRI, Tetiana KALACHOVA, Romana POSPÍCHALOVÁ, Pavel RYŠÁNEK, Lenka BURKETOVÁ
Biologia plantarum 69:1-11, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.001
Plants have developed adaptive strategies to cope with environmental stresses, but mechanisms effective under one stress may be counterproductive under others. This study investigates the effect of moderate drought stress pretreatment on the resistance of Brassica napus to Leptosphaeria maculans, the pathogen causing blackleg disease. B. napus plants were exposed to varying durations of drought stress, followed by a 24-h recovery period before inoculation with L. maculans. The results demonstrate a priming effect of the drought pretreatment, with a reduction in necrotic lesions in cotyledons compared to non-stressed controls....
GoldenBraid-compatible infectious clone of apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) and its use for virus-induced gene silencing
Hana HOFFMEISTEROVÁ, Jakub DUŠEK, Emad IBRAHIM, Tomáš MORAVEC, Jiban Kumar KUNDU
Biologia plantarum 69:38-48, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.005
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a technological process in which the expression of a plant target gene is down-regulated by inoculating a plant with a recombinant virus-based vector carrying part of the coding sequence of the target gene (Baulcombe, 1999a; Burch-Smith et al., 2004). VIGS uses an RNA silencing-based defence mechanism in which double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of viral origin, as templates, are processed into small interfering RNAs by Dicer-like enzymes. The resulting siRNA is incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex, which leads to the degradation of the RNA (viral RNA, mRNA) with sequences complementary to the siRNA. Thus,...
Efficient serological and molecular methods for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus
Hana HOFFMEISTEROVÁ, Emad IBRAHIM, Qinhai LIU, Min ZHU, Ladislav MENŠÍK, Petr KOMÁREK, Miroslav JURKA, Xiaorong TAO, Tomáš MORAVEC, Jiban KUMAR KUNDU
Biologia plantarum 69:77-87, 2025 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2025.009
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; species Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae, family Tospoviridae) (Kuhn et al., 2023), is a negative strand RNA-virus containing envelope structures, which makes it unique among plant viruses (de Haan et al., 1991). TSWV ranks among the most destructive plant viruses worldwide. First described in Australia in 1919, TSWV has since attained a global distribution, infecting over 1 000 plant species across more than 85 families, including key agricultural crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), and various ornamentals (Parrella et al., 2003;...