biologia plantarum

International journal on Plant Life established by Bohumil Němec in 1959

Biologia plantarum 55:711, 2011 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-011-0173-9

Induction of sucrose synthase in the phloem of phytoplasma infected maize

J. Brzin1, N. Petrovič1, M. Ravnikar1, M. Kovač1,*
1 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

In this study, we have analyzed the expression of the low oxygen inducible sucrose synthase isozyme SH1 (SUS-SH1) in the phloem of maize (Zea mays L.) infected with maize bushy stunt phytoplasma. Immunolocalization and Western blot analysis revealed several fold induction of SUS-SH1 in companion cells of phytoplasma inhabited phloem of leaf sheaths and stems. The results imply higher rates of sucrose metabolism and intensified hypoxia in the phloem.

Keywords: companion cell; fructose; hypoxia; immunofluorescence; maize bushy stunt; Western blot; Zea mays

Received: December 11, 2009; Accepted: June 21, 2010; Published: December 1, 2011  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Brzin, J., Petrovič, N., Ravnikar, M., & Kovač, M. (2011). Induction of sucrose synthase in the phloem of phytoplasma infected maize. Biologia plantarum, 55(4), 711. doi: 10.1007/s10535-011-0173-9
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. André, A., Maucourt, M., Moing, A., Rolin, D., Renaudin, J.: Sugar import and phytopathogenicity of Spiroplasma citri: glucose and fructose play distinct roles. - Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 18: 33-42, 2005. Go to original source...
    2. Ayre, B.G., Keller, F., Turgeon, R.: Symplastic continuity between companion cells and the translocation stream: longdistance transport is controlled by retention and retrieval mechanisms in the phloem. - Plant Physiol. 131: 1518-1528, 2003. Go to original source...
    3. Bai, X, Correa, V.R., Toruño, T.Y., Ammar, el-D., Kamoun, S., Hogenhout, S.A.: AY-WB phytoplasma secretes a protein that targets plant cell nuclei. - Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 22: 18-30, 2009. Go to original source...
    4. Bai, X., Zhang, J., Ewing. A., Miller, S.A., Jancso, Radek, A., Shevchenko, D.V., Tsukerman, K., Walunas, T., Lapidus, A., Campbell, J.W., Hogenhout, S.A.: Living with genome instability: the adaptation of phytoplasmas to diverse environments of their insect and plant hosts. - J. Bacteriol. 188: 3682-3696, 2006. Go to original source...
    5. Bologa, K.L., Fernie, A.R., Leisse, A., Loureiro, M.E., Geigenberger, P.: A bypass of sucrose synthase leads to low internal oxygen and impaired metabolic performance in growing potato tubers. - Plant Physiol. 132: 2058-2072, 2004.
    6. Braun, E.J., Sinclair, W.A.: Translocation in phloem necrosisdiseased american elm seedlings. - Phytopathology 68: 1733-1737, 1978. Go to original source...
    7. Chen, T.A., Jiang, X.F.: Monoclonal antibodies against the maize bushy stunt agent. - Can. J. Microbiol. 34: 6-11, 1988. Go to original source...
    8. Crawford, R.M.M., Braendle, R.: Oxygen deprivation stress in a changing environment. - J. exp. Bot. 47: 145-159, 1996. Go to original source...
    9. Echt, C.S., Chourey, P.S.: A comparison of two sucrose synthase isozymes from normal and shrunken-1 maize. - Plant Physiol. 79: 530-536, 1985. Go to original source...
    10. Geigenberger, P.: Response of plant metabolism to too little oxygen. - Current Opin. Plant Biol. 6: 247-256, 2003. Go to original source...
    11. Geigenberger, P., Fernie, A.R., Gibon, Y., Christ, M., Stitt, M.: Metabolic activity decreases as an adaptive response to low internal oxygen in growing potato tubers. - Biol. Chem. 381: 723-740, 2000. Go to original source...
    12. Geigenberger, P., Langenberger, S., Wilke, I., Heineke, D., Heldt, H.W., Stitt, M.: Sucrose is metabolised by sucrose synthase and glycolysis within phloem complex of Ricinus communis L. seedlings. - Planta 190: 446-453, 1993. Go to original source...
    13. Geigenberger, P., Regierer, B., Lytovchenko, A., Leisse, A., Schauer, N., Springer, F., Kossmann, J., Fernie, A.R.: Heterologous expression of a ketohexokinase in potato plants leads to inhibited rates of photosynthesis, severe growth retardation and abnormal leaf development. - Planta 218: 569-578, 2004. Go to original source...
    14. Graham, M.W., Craig, S., Waterhouse, P.M.: Expression patterns of vascular-specific promoters RolC and Sh in transgenic potatoes and their use in engineering PLRVresistant plants. - Plant mol. Biol. 33: 729-735, 1997. Go to original source...
    15. Hoshi, A., Oshima, K., Kakizawa, S., Ishii, Y., Ozeki, J., Hashimoto, M., Komatsu, K., Kagiwada, S., Yamaji, Y., Namba, S.: A unique virulence factor for proliferation and dwarfism in plants identified from a phytopathogenic bacterium. - Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 6416-6421, 2009. Go to original source...
    16. Hren, M., Ravnikar, M., Brzin, J., Ermacora, P., Carraro, L., Bianco, P.A., Casati, P., Borgo, M., Angelini, E., Rotter, A. Gruden, K.: Induced expression of sucrose synthase and alcohol dehydrogenase I genes in phytoplasma-infected grapevine plants grown in the field. - Plant Pathol. 58: 170-180, 2009. Go to original source...
    17. Junqueira, A., Bedendo, I., Pascholati, S.: Biochemical changes in corn plants infected by the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma. - Physiol. mol. Plant Pathol. 65: 181-185, 2004. Go to original source...
    18. Kollar, A., Seemüller, E.: Chemical composition of phloem exudate of mycoplasma-infected apple trees. - J. Phytopathol. 128: 99-111, 1990. Go to original source...
    19. Kube, M., Schneider, B., Kuhl, H., Dandekar, T., Heitmann, K., Migdoll, A.M., Reinhardt, R., Seemüller, E.: The linear chromosome of the plant-pathogenic mycoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali'. - BMC Genomics 9: 306, 2008. Go to original source...
    20. Kumutha, D., Ezhilmathi, K., Sairam, R.K., Srivastava, G.C., Deshmukh, P.S., Meena, R.C.: Waterlogging induced oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in pigeonpea genotypes. - Biol. Plant. 53: 75-84, 2009. Go to original source...
    21. Mittler, R., Shulaev, V., Seskar, M., Lam, E.: Inhibition of programmed cell death in tobacco plants during a pathogeninduced hypersensitive response at low oxygen pressure. - Plant Cell 8: 1991-2001, 1996.
    22. Nolte, K.D., Koch, K.E.: Companion-cell specific localisation of sucrose synthase in zones of phloem loading and unloading. - Plant Physiol. 101: 899-905, 1993. Go to original source...
    23. Oshima, K., Miyata, S., Sawayanagi, T., Kakizawa, S., Nishigawa, H., Jung, H.-Y., Furuki, K., Yanazaki, M., Suzuki, S., Wei, W., Kubuyama, T., Ugaki, M., Namba, S.: Minimal set of metabolic pathways suggested from the genome of onion yellows phytoplasma. - J. gen. Plant Pathol. 68: 225-236, 2002. Go to original source...
    24. Oshima, K., Kakizawa, S., Arashida, R., Ishii, Y., Hoshi, A., Hayashi, Y., Kagiwanda, S., Namba, S.: Presence of two glycolytic gene clusters in a severe pathogenic line of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'. - Mol. Plant Pathol. 8: 481-489, 2007. Go to original source...
    25. Paul, M. J., Pellny, T.K.: Carbon metabolite feedback regulation of leaf photosynthesis and development. - J. exp. Bot. 54: 539-547, 2003. Go to original source...
    26. Seemüller, E., Garnier, M., Schneider, B.: Mycoplasmas of plants and insects. - In: Razin, S., Herrmann, R. (ed.): Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas. Pp. 91-115. Kluwer Academic Publishers/Plenum Press, New York 2002. Go to original source...
    27. Springer, B., Werr, W., Starlinger, P., Bennett, D.C., Zokolica, M., Freeling, M.: The Shrunken gene on chromosome 9 of Zea mays L. is expressed in various plant tissues and encodes an anaerobic protein. - Mol. gen. Genet. 205: 461-468, 1986. Go to original source...
    28. Subbaiah, C.C., Sachs, M.M.: Altered patterns of sucrose synthase phosphorylation and localisation precede callose induction and root tip death in anoxic maize seedlings. - Plant Physiol. 125: 585-594, 2001. Go to original source...
    29. Tran-Nguyen, L.T., Kube, M., Schneider, B., Reinhardt, R., Gibb, K.S.: Comparative genome analysis of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense' (subgroup tuf-Australia I; rp-A) and 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' strains OY-M and AY-WB. - J. Bacteriol. 190: 3979-3991, 2008. Go to original source...
    30. Van Bel, A.J.E.: The phloem, a miracle of ingenuity. - Plant Cell Environ. 26: 125-149, 2003. Go to original source...
    31. Van Dongen, J.T., Schurr, U., Pfister, M., Geigenberger, P.: Phloem metabolism and function have to cope with low internal oxygen. - Plant Physiol. 131: 1529-1543, 2003. Go to original source...
    32. Wright, K., Oparka, K.: Metabolic inhibitors induce symplastic movement of solutes from the transport phloem of Arabidopsis roots. - J. exp. Bot. 48: 1807-1814, 1997.
    33. Yang, N.S., Russell, D.: Maize sucrose synthase-1 promoter directs phloem cell-specific expression of Gus gene in transgenic tobacco plants. - Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 4144-4148, 1990. Go to original source...
    34. Zabalza, A., Van Dongen, J.T, Froehlich, A., Oliver, S.N., Faix, B., Jagadis Gupta, K., Schmälzlin, E., Igal, M., Orcaray, L., Royuela, M., Geigenberger, P.: Regulation of respiration and fermentation to control the plant internal oxygen concentration. - Plant Physiol. 149: 1087-1098, 2009. Go to original source...
    35. Zeng, Y., Wu, Y., Avigne, W.T., Koch, K.E.: Differential regulation of sugar-sensitive sucrose synthases by hypoxia and anoxia indicate complementary transcriptional and posttranscriptional responses. - Plant Physiol. 116: 1573-1583, 1998. Go to original source...
    36. Zuther, E., Kwart, M., Willmitzer, L., Heyer, A.G.: Expression of a yeast-derived invertase in companion cells results in long-distance transport of a trisaccharide in an apoplastic loader and influences sucrose transport. - Planta 218: 759-766, 2004. Go to original source...

    Return to the content