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Studium autopathischer und allelopathischer Eigenschaften von Kulturpflanzen durch Folgekulturen-MethodeMiroslava Vicherková, Franti¹ek PlhákBiologia plantarum 8:456-469, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930941 In der Arbeit wurde der Einfluss der Vorkulturen von Lein, Korn, Mohn und Ackersenf auf die folgenden Kulturen der gleichen oder einer anderen Art bei unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgenden Aussaaten sowie bei Aussaaten nach verschieden langen Intervallen unter Abstufung der Dauer der Lagerung des Bodensubstrates untersucht. Die Versuche wurden in Gefässen mit Komposterde durchgeführt, die im Versuchsgarten aufgestellt worden waren. Es wurde das Wachstum der Erst- und der Folgekultur mit Hilfe der Bestimmung der Trockensubstanz der oberirdischen Teile und der Wurzeln gewertet. Im Laufe der Wachstumsentwicklung der Folgepflanzen wurden Bodenproben entnommen und in denselben der Gehalt an physiologisch zugänglichen Stickstoff-, Phosphor- und Kali-Mengen bestimmt. |
Die frequenz der zellteilungen in der wurzelspitze vonPhaseolus vulgaris nanusBohumil NìmecBiologia plantarum 8:5-9, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02971550 In den Ksimwurzeln eines Kultivars vonPhaseolus vulgaris nanus sind in der Wurzelspitze die Zellen in Päckchen von meist vier oder acht Zellen, die von einer gemeinsamen Zelle abstammen, angeordnet und gut voneinander zu unterscheiden. Diese Anordnung bestätigt den Befund von WAGNER (1937), dass jede Zelle des Wurzelmeristems vom Augenblick ihrer Entstehung an nur eine geringe Anzahl von Teilungen durcl.macht, da die Zellgruppen höchstens aus aeht oder neun, meistens aber aus vier Zellen bestehen. Ausserdem sind diese Zellgruppen in ziemlich gut unterscheidbaren Querscheiben angeoidnet, so dass es scheint, dass die Erstlingszellen jeder Querscheibe rbytmisch, allerdings nicht absolut gleichzeitig, gebildet werden. Obzwar es scheint, dass die Mitosen in der Wurzelspitze unregelmässig verteilt sind, ist es doch nicht der Fall. Das Wachstum der Zellen sowie ihre Teilung gehen rhytmisch vor sich. |
Modelluntersuchungen an röntgenstrahlen-mutierten PflanzenF. WeilingBiologia plantarum 8:175-186, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930626 Die modellmässige Erfassung der Wachstumsverhältnisse bei höheren Pflanzen setzt die Möglichkeit einer Markierung des gesamten, von einer bestimmten Zelle sich herleitenden Gewebes voraus. Derartige Markierungen sind etwa bei der Entmischung eines heterogenen Chloroplastenbestandes einer Zelle, bei Polyploidisierung einzelner Zellen und der sich aus diesen herleitenden Geweben sowie bei künstlichen z. B. mittels Röntgenstrahlen induzierten Mutationen gegeben. Mutiert im letzten Falle etwa eine Initiale der L II, so weist ein gewisser Anteil der sporogenen Masse die gleiche Mutation auf. Unter der Voraussetzung fehlender Zellelimination entspricht dieser Anteil im Durchschnitt dem Verhältnis unserer mutierten zur Zahl der übrigen an der Weiterentwicklung beteiligten Initialen der L II. Das bei dieser Gegebenheit sowie unter den in der Abhandlung im einzelnen aufgeführten Voraussetzungen aufgestellte Modell gibt vor allem Auskunft über die in der Selbstungsnachkommenschaft mutierter Pflanzen zu erwartende Häufigkeitsverteilung der Mutationen und Spaltungsverhältnisse. |
Polyploidy and pollen variability in Pimpinella monoeciaSheila Joshi, S. S. RaghuvanshiBiologia plantarum 8:281-287, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930663 Treatment of seedlings ofPimpinella monoecia with colchicine-gammexane lead to the production of tetraploids. The tetraploids besides showing the meiotic anomalies like univalents, split spindles, multiple spindles, micro-nuclei, nondisjunction, strays, etc., exhibited pollen grains which were triradiate, triangular and quadriradiate while the controls had only one type of bipolar radiosymmetric grains. They have been classified into different types and their frequency has been determinod. A scheme has been presented representing the development of these variable grains from the control type A, which is based on the observation of grains showing intermediate stages. Explanation of this pollen variability has been presented. |
Position and extent of the elongation zone in the root tip of the broad beanVicia faba L.Alena Adámková, Karel Bene¹Biologia plantarum 8:427, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930936 It was found by measuring the length of the cortex cells of the root tips of the broad beanVicia faba L. that the beginning of the elongation zone lies at about 1-2 mm from the initials and its end at about 7-8 mm from the initials. Shrinkage of the object during microtechnical treatment was negligible. The autonomy of the individual tissues of the root tip was taken into account. |
Study of transovarial passage of the oat sterile-dwarf virusJosef VackeBiologia plantarum 8:127-130, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930621 The possibility of passage of the oat sterile-dwarf virus by the leafhopper Calligypona pellucida F. as vector was studied in the years 1961-1964. Females infected in a greenhouse as well as in nature produced 6,000 eggs from which some 3,500 nymphs hatched. Of these, 3,423 were subjected to individual testing on oat seedlings. In seven cases (0,2%) a transfer of the studied virus through eggs of infected females to their offspring was observed. The infectivity began to manifest itself 9-23 days after hatching. |
The influence of post-treatment storage on the frequency of EMS-induced chromosomal aberrations in barleyT. Gichner, L. EhrenbergBiologia plantarum 8:256-259, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930787 |
Spiral feedback oscillations of growing hypocotyl with radicle inPisum sativum L.M. SpurnýBiologia plantarum 8:381, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930674 Cinematographic records of longitudinal growth showed that hypocotyl with radicle inPisum sativum L. undergoes spiral oscillations during growth. This phenomenon can be characterized by the following time-space limits: |
The classic Golgi apparatus and vacuolesIvan Hr¹elBiologia plantarum 7:136-145, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920629 The dense vacuoles, considered to be the classic Golgi apparatus in the root meristem ofFagopyrum, were studied by the following methods: 1. Impregnation methods for the demonstration of the Golgi apparatus, 2. cytochemical methods, 3. electron microscopic methods in the light microscope and 4. the electron microscope. A comparison was made with the classic Golgi apparatus in animal cells in the light and electron microscope. |
The uptake of mannitol by higher plantsV. Kozinka, S. KlenovskáBiologia plantarum 7:285, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921437 Experiments with youngHordeum sativum andHelianthus annus plants showed that in the excretion of mannitol in the guttation liquid observed byGroenewegen andMills (1960) after uptake by the root system of plants, the osmotic concentration of mannitol in the nutrient medium and the temperature are significant. The beginning of mannitol excretion during guttation is accelerated considerably by the increase of the osmotic concentration of mannitol in the nutrient medium and the rising temperature. The osmotic concentration of mannitol is also important for the duration of mannitol excretion in the guttation liquid after transfer of the plants into a nutrient medium without mannitol. In the presence of mannitol in the nutrient medium water uptake by the root system and growth are inhibited and the tissues of the organs above ground and of the root system are dehydrated. The inhibitory effect of mannitol on the water uptake by the root system is immediate. |
Sexual dimorphism in the size of nuclei with dioecious plantsZdenka PazourkováBiologia plantarum 8:86-96, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02971558 Measurements of the size of the nuclei of dioecious plants showed that the nuclei of male and female plants differ in agreement with the larger quantity of chromatin. The male. plants ofRumex acetosella andMelandrium album had larger nuclei, their Y chromosome being larger than the X chromosome, the same is true forRumex acetosa where the Y chromosome is smaller but there are two in the set.Ginkgo biloba had larger female nuclei because the Y chromosome was smaller than the X. The curves obtained by grouping all the nuclei of both sexes never had two peaks with regard to the small differences between the classes of maximum frequency. |
Über die Wirkung einiger Verbindungen der Pyridinreihe auf das Wachstum vonSinapis alba L.Pavel Vaculík, Ludìk ©indeláø, Olga MakovcováBiologia plantarum 8:220, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930782 In dieser Arbeit wurde die Wirkung von 55 Verbindungen der Pyridinreihe in der Konzentration 10-3 m geprüft. Bei diesen Untersuchungen wurde die Grundgruppierung. die der Träger der Phytotoxizität ist, gefunden. Es wird die abhängigkeit dieser Wirkung von der Konstitution der Substanzen solehen Typus diskutiert. Verbindungen vom Typus VII verursachen eine Wachstumshemmung der Hypokotylen und besonders eine sehr starke Hemmwirkung des Wurzelwachstums, die meistens mit Chlorose verbunden ist. Zu den wirksamsten gehört 3-Styrylpyridin und manche seiner Salze. Eine starke Hemmwirkung auf das Wachstum ohne Chlorose verursachten diese Verbindungen auch beiCucumis sativus. |
Academician BOHUMIL MÌMEC (*12.3.1873 +7.4.1966)Rudolf DostálBiologia plantarum 8:321, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930669 |
The effect of amputation of the epicotyl on the level of endogenous gibberellins in the roots of pea seedlingsJiøí ©ebánekBiologia plantarum 8:470, 1966 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930942 The content of endogenous gibberellins was determined chromatographically in the roots 14-17 days old pea seedlings cultivated in water cultures in the dark. When the epicotyls are amputated from these plants, the content of endogenous gibberellins increases significantly within 6-12 hours after amputation as compared with the intact controls, then it falls off again considerably up to 24 hours after amputation. The initial increase of the gibberellin level in the roots can be explained by transport inhibition of the endogenous gibberellins from the root to the epicotyl, the later decrease of this level to be interpreted as inhibition of auxin transport from the epicotyl into the root. This is supported by the observation that spreading of a 0.5% paste with IAA over the epicotyl stump immediately after amputation prevents the mentioned decrease of the gibberellin level in the roots, whereas this decrease is intensified by using a paste with TIBA which inhibits the auxin transport. The results of this work support the possibility of direct gibberellin synthesis in the roots. |
Reactions and resistance ofChenopodium species to tobacco mosaic virusJaroslav BrèákBiologia plantarum 7:93, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920624 Chenopodium species react on infection with tobacco mosaic virus by the formation of chlorotic or necrotic lesions and later by the abscission of infected leaves. A transition of local infection into the stem has been observed exceptionally inChenopodium quinoa, C. hybridum, andC. rubrum, but no systemic infection of the leaves followed. Systemic infection was demonstrated only inC. polyspermum andC. murale. The recovery of new sprouts was demonstrated in C.murale in the late chronic phase of infection. |
Veredelung der Walnuss und anderer Holzarten in der Zeit der echten WinterruheLadislav ÈernýBiologia plantarum 7:226-237, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921459 Im Verlaufe der Arbeit ist festgestellt worden, dass es nach einer Sprossverletzung von Holzarten in der echten Winterruhe unter günstigen Bedingungen zu einer Aufhebung der Teilungshemmung der Zellen der meristematischen Gewebe in der Nähe der Wunde kommt. Die Kambiumzellen in einer Entfernung einiger mm von der Stelle der Verletzung und die übrigen intakten Gewebe des Sprosses sowie seine Knospen verbleiben im Ruhezustand. Bei einem Veredlungsvorgang in der Ruhezeit verwachsen unter günstigen Bedingungen, insbesondere der Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit, die Veredlungskomponenten ohne dass Knospen an den Pfropfreisern oder den Unterlagen ausschlagen. |
Action of volatile substances liberated from couch grassFranti¹ek Plhák, Jiøí HelanBiologia plantarum 7:368, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920718 A study was made of the action of volatile substances liberated from the rhizome of couch grass on wheat seedlings. The experiments were made in a closed atmosphere in glass vessels with continual removal of expired CO2 and the addition of O2. |
Research on substances inactivating the X virus present in sap from potato leavesEv¾en Jermoljev, Liana AlbrechtováBiologia plantarum 7:65-73, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920681 The work ofJermoljev andBrèák (1964) showed that the sap of potato leaves contains substances inactivating X, Y and S viruses and that there was an increasing trend in the content of these substances in varieties resistant to these viruses. In further research it was found that potato tubers of varieties which are resistant and susceptible to the viruses contained the same amounts of inactivating substances. Differences in the power of inactivating the viruses evidently appeared in the leaves. Inactivating substances could be removed by boiling, they did not pass through a dialysing membrane and were adsorbed by animal charcoal. On centrifuging sap from potato leaves in a Spinco L ultracentrifuge for 60 min. at 40,000 r.p.m., the inactivating substances remained in the supernatant. When sucrose gradient centrifugation for 60 min. at 24,000 r.p.m. was employed, the inactivating substances remained in the layer of sap and 10% sucrose. Inhibition of the activity of certain enzyme groups did not affect the power of sap to inactivate X virus. Inactivating substances could be isolated chemically. The best method of isolation, however, was fractionation of sap, after ultracentrifugation, on a Sephadex G 50 column, rinsing the column with McIlvaine buffer at pH 6.5. Inactivating substances can be isolated, concentrated and preserved by lyophilization by this method. It is difficult to say precisely to what chemical group the inactivating substances belong. Some reactions indicate that they may be low molecular proteins. |
Application of growth analysis to potatoes in field culture and some specific features of potato growthJosef NeèasBiologia plantarum 7:180-193, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921454 In field experiments, potato varieties with different lengths of the vegetation period were compared. The methods of growth analysis were applied to the evaluation of these experiments. Some important specific features of potato growth had to be taken into account to make the application of the growth analysis successful and to enable valid and reliable results to be obtained. |
Electron microscopy of ribosomes isolated from young green fruit of the apple treeA. Volfová, Ale¹ Friedrich, L. ChvojkaBiologia plantarum 7:330-333, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921442 Many studies have been made on ribosomes both in plant and animal material, on account of their importance in the proteosynthesis of protein. In plant material, studies have been made on the pea by Ts'o andBonner (1956), Ts'o,Bonner andVinograd (1958),Setterfield et al. (1960) andSisakyan et al. (1963). Ribosome from spinach were investigated byLyttleton (1962) andMurakami (1963) and fromClivia byMikulská et al. (1962). As part of a wider study of the mechanism of biosynthesis of nucleic acids in apple trees, we isolated ribosomes from the young green fruit and studied them by means of electron microscopy. Young apples were selected because cell division is very intense at this stage of growth of the apple. |
Contribution to the study of heterogeneity in the leaves of a spring wheat plantMiroslav Penka, Jiøina SrpováBiologia plantarum 7:20, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920676 The effect of the individual leaf blades of spring wheat on the dry matter of stalks, chaff and grain (caryopses), of spikes and total overground part, was studied. In the experimental plants the individual leaf blades were detached according to the scheme given, at the beginning of shooting, (A), at the beginning of earing (B), and at the beginning of flowering (C). The dry matter (fresh weight) of the stalk was least decreased if either the lowest or the uppermost leaf blade was severed during the developmental phase of shooting. The dry as well as the fresh weights of chaff were least affected in those plants where the leaf blade was removed during the developmental phase of flowering. Both the dry and fresh weights of caryopses were least decreased if either the lowest or the uppermost leaf blade was removed during the developmental phase of flowering. The dry weight as well as the relative water content of chaff and ear grains were most decreased following removal of leaf blades during the developmental phase of shooting. The relative water content of chaff, grains and ears was most decreased following removal of developed leaf blades during the developmental phase of earing. It was confirmed that in addition to the photosynthetic activity of leaves the photosynthesis of other parts of the stem system (stalk internodes, ear awns etc.) participated in the production of total dry matter of experimental plants. The photosynthetic activity of leaf blades was particularly high up to the earing phase, while subsequently the photosynthesis of extrafoliar area (stalk internodes and ears) predominated. In spite of this, participation of the total leaf area is very high in the formation of grain dry matter (over 50%), as well as of the total dry matter of plant (over 80%). |
Zur Problematik der Verlässlichkeit der refraktometrischen Methode für die Indikation des Wasserbedarfes der KartoffelnJosef NeèasBiologia plantarum 7:146, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920630 Bei Erforschung des Einflusses der herabgesetzten Bodenfeuchtigkeit auf die osmotischen Verhältnisse im Zellsafte der Kartoffelpflanzen wurde die refraktometrische Methode für die Bestimmung deren osmotischen Zustandes bewertet. Es zeigte sich die Notwendigkeit eine gewisse Vorsicht bei ihrer Anwendung zu bewahren. Die Elektrolyte, die von der refraktometrischen Methode verhältnismässig weniger erfasst werden, haben ein wessentliches Übergewicht in der Bildung der osmotischen Gesamtwerte des Zellsaftes der Kartoffeln über den anderen Hauptteil, nämlich die Fehlingslösung reduzierende Substanzen. Sie haben auch oft einen entgegengesetzten Vegetationstrend gegen den molekular aufgelösten organischen Substanzen die die Fehlingslösung reduzieren. Aus diesem Grunde ändert sich die Korrelation zwischen den osmotischen Gesamtwerten und dem Brechungsindex des Saftes in einzelnen Fällen sowohl als auch während der Vegetation. Diese Verhältnisse sind auch in einzelnen Organen der Kartoffelpflanzen verschieden. |
Docent Rudolf Øetovský (1904-1964)S. Prát, L. Èerný, A. ProkopBiologia plantarum 7:399, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920684 |
Comparison of results of photosynthetic intensity measurements in cereal leaves as determined by the dry weight increase or by the gazometric methodLubomír Nátr, Ivana KousalováBiologia plantarum 7:98, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920625 In this paper the values of photosynthetic intensities of spring barley leaves measured by two different methods were compared: |
Interaktion zwischen diploiden und polyploiden ZellenBohumil NìmecBiologia plantarum 7:246, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921433 Es wird auf Grund von Untersuchungen der chloralysierten Wurzeln vonVicia faba das gegenseitige Verhalten von diploiden und polyploiden Zellen und Geweben diskutiert und konkrete Beispiele angeführt. In ganz jungen Wurzeln entwickeln sich die mixoploiden Gewebe friedlich neben einander, wachsen, teilen und differenzieren sich normal. Aber später, besonders wenn die Wurzelspitzen hoch polyploide Gewebe (8 n, 16 n) enthalten, verhalten sich dieselben gegeneinander feindlich. Die polyploiden Sektoren werden abgetrennt und stellen Teilungen ihrer Zellen sowie ihr Streckungswachstum frühzeitig ein. Es kommt zu Gewebespannungen und in den polyploiden Sektoren kommt es zuweilen zur Bildung von rhexigenen Höhlungen. Diese Vorgänge werden schon im Urmeristem vorbereitet und es kommt zur Unterbrechung der normalen Korrelation zwischen den Geweben verschiedener Ploidie. Zur Homoploidisierung kann auch die Reduktion der Chromosomenzahl in polyploiden Zellen beitragen. Die verschieden hoch ploiden Gewebe können von einander durch Metakutisierung oder Verschleimung der sie trennenden Zellwände getrennt werden. Es handelt sich um verschiedene Vorgänge von Autoregulation, welche zur Diploidisierung, seltener zur völligen Polyploidisierung führt. Die Spitzen älterer mixoploider Wurzeln werden auf diese Weise homoploid. |
Selective staining of intracellular inclusions of tobacco mosaic virusVéra SosnováBiologia plantarum 7:374-375, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920719 For specific staining of TMV inclusions the cytochemical method of Hr¹el for the determination of tryptophan containing proteins was used. This method makes it possible to obtain series of sections in contrast to the methods employed up to the present, so that TMV inclusions from any part of the plant can be detected. Staining was tested "in situ" as well as in preparations of isolated virus particles. |
Zum Einfluss einiger Inhibitoren der Glykolyse und der Atmung auf den Gehalt an Zuckern und Gärungsprodukten in Vegetationskegeln von Weizenpflanzen auf verschiedenen EntwicklungsstufenLola Teltscherová, Jan KrekuleBiologia plantarum 6:42, 1964 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02930795 In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Wirkung einiger Inhibitoren der Glykolyse und der Atmung auf den Zuckerabbau und den Gehalt an Gärungsprodukten in Vegetationskegeln von Weizenpflanzen (Triticum aestivum, cultivar Chlumecká 12) in 3 verschiedenen Etappen der Organogenese untersucht. |
Etude du maintien de l'état vivacechezTeucrium Scorodonia L. (Labiée)Claude JouglardBiologia plantarum 7:74, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920682 1. Teucrium Scorodonia L., plante vivace et caulescente, doit être placèe à 3°C pendant 8 semaines au moins, pour être vernalisé. |
The interaction of endogenous gibberellins in correlation with cotyledons and axillary buds in the pea (Pisum sativum L.)Jiøí ©ebánekBiologia plantarum 7:194, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921455 After the decapitation and amputation of one cotyledon in germinating pea seedlings, the axillary bud of the amputated cotyledon always grows and the growth of the axillary bud of the remaining cotyledon is inhibited. Before morphological differences appear between the axillary bud of the amputated and preserved cotyledon, a higher endogenous gibberellin content can be demonstrated chromatographically in the axillary bud of the amputated cotyledon. This indicates that the increased growth of the axillary bud of the amputated cotyledon is in connection with an earlier increase in the activation of endogenous gibberellins. |
A film study of growth activity of hypocotyl in the early phases of the germinating pea seed (Pisum sativum L.)M. SpurnýBiologia plantarum 7:335, 1965 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02920714 Using the time-lapse cinematography technique, activity of the growing centres of the pea seed hypocotyl (Pisum sativum L.) was followed in the course of the early phases between 15 and 60 hours of germination under standard experimental conditions. The resulting data were plotted in a summary graph with conjugates scales (Fig. 4) indicating time-space limits for further biochemical analysis and the interpretation of mechanism of hypocotyl elongation concerning the dependence of the IAA and RNA content, growth rate, localization of growing zones, transport of substances from the swollen cotyledons into the embryo etc. The most important results are as follows: Between 15 and 20 hours of seed swelling, activity is manifested in two growing centres of the hypocotyl (Fig. 5); between 30 and 36 hours only one zone becomes localized, with a maximum elongation in the region which was originally at a distance of 2.5 mm. from the hypocotyl base. The greatest elongation of the hypocotyl-0.77 mm./hour- was observed between 30 and 48 hours in the zone which was originally at a distance of 2.75 mm. from the hypocotyl base. The zone of maximum growth did not become localized by the termination of the experiment (60 hours) in the presumed zone close to the apex, but was displaced further to the zone which was originally at a distance of 4.0 mm. from the hypocotyl base. |


