Proliferation of the cambium and parenchyma of branches from 34 tree species was studied by means of tissue culturesin vitro. The formation of callus tissue, the seasonal activity of cambium, the effects of indole-3-acetic acid on the reactivation of cambium and the polarity of callus formation were investigated.
Various tree species are characterized by a different capacity for callus formation; in the majority of species, however, the reaction of cambium takes place in culturesin vitro. Some species produce callus from the cortex and the pith of branches and the lenticels simultaneously with the reactivation of cambium.
Growth of callus tissue was maximal in winter, adequate in spring before budding occurred and later decreased greatly. During the summer the growth-rates increased again and in the autumn were close to those encountered during the winter. Some species are characterized by a similarly intensive cambial proliferation throughout the whole year.
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the cultivation medium had various effects on the growth of callus tissue in the species examined. A series of species initiated meristematic foci in callus tissues that gave rise to roots (more frequently on media with added IAA) or to buds and stems.
The position of the sections in the medium (whether the apical end was placed upwards or downwards) had no great effect on the polarity of callus formation. Some species produced callus tissue at both ends of sections.

1. A comparison of the immunochemical similarities in the proteins legumin and vicilin and the albumin fraction of pea seeds (Pisum sativum Poir), was carried out.
Legumin and vicilin are globulins with different physical properties, but probably with a certain degree of immunochemical similarity as shown by serological cross reactions.
Albumins from the pea seeds, on the contrary, have not only different physical properties but they also do not even show any immunochemical similarity to globulins.
2. Immunochemical specificity of legumin and vicilin in the globulin fractions of the seeds of further species of the familyViciaceae was sought: in representatives of the genusLens, Vicia, lathyrus, Pisum, Cicer, Medicago, Trifolium, Lupinus, Phaseolus andGlycine.
Legumin and vicilin more or less similar to that of peas are present in all the observed representatives of the tribeVicieae (that is in some species of the genusPisum, Lens, Vicia, Lathyrus, Cicer); in observed representatives of the tribeTrifolieae (i.e. in species of the genusMedicago andTrifolium) the only protein is similar to vicilin; in investigated species of the tribeGenisteae andPhaseoleae, proteins similar to legumin and vicilin are missing.
In all observed representatives of the tribeVicieae (Pisum sativum Poir,Lens culinaris Med.,Lathyrus clymenum L.,Lathyrus sativus L.,Lathyrus silvester L.,Lathyrus odoratus L.,Vicia faba L.,Vicia sativa L.,Cicer arietinum L.), indications of leguminoid and vicilinoid protein characters are present in varying degrees and thus even here no cases resembling loss mutation of protein characters were discovered. The following generalisations may thus be made: the tribeVicieae is characterised by the presence of leguminoid and vicilinoid proteins (or proteins rather like them): the tribeTrifolieae is characterised by the presence of proteins similar to vicilin: in the tribeGenisteae andPhaseoleae, leguminoid and vicilinoid characters are missing. Because of the similarity of proteins in the tribesVicieae andTrifolieae, closer phylogenetic relations can be assumed to exist between the tribesVicieae andTrifolieae than between the tribesVicieae andPhaseoleae orGenisteae.
3. Legumin and vicilin are at the same time examples of protein characters with a relatively wide occurrence (these protein characters rather resembling each other are present in all the representatives of the related genera and tribes studied).
4. Further it can be assumed on the basis of unequal distribution of the proteins legumin and vicilin in the related tribes investigated (vicilin has a wider occurrence), that both proteins have not developed in parallel, but that they apparently are of unequal phylogenetic age. And it may be concluded either that vicilin is relatively a more primitive protein character than legumin or that phylogenetic differentiation of legumin was relatively more rapid than such differentiation of vicilin.

Die Entwicklung der Samenanlage des Weizens (Triticum aestivum L. var.erythrospermum cv. Niva, Früjahrssorte) von der Befruchtung der Eizelle bis zur völligen Reife des Getreidekornes haben wir beobachtet. Auf Dauerpräparaten beobachteten wir die Bildung der Fruchthülle und der Samenschale. Wir konnten feststellen dass sich die Fruchthülle im erwachsenen Getreidekorn eng an die Samenschale anlegt, von der nur eine einschlägig, mit einer Kutikula bedeckte Schicht erhalten bleibt. Epidermis und Hypodermis wachsen nicht it den Querzellen zusammen, sondern trocknen nur an; man kann schwer von einem Verwachsen sprechen, wenn der Teilungsprozess sein Ende gefunden hat und dort, wo die Gewebeschichten durch eine Kutikula getrennt sind..

1. Treatment with high to sublethal doses of streptomycin (1 m Mol, 0.5 m Mol) did not induce any significant increase in chromosome aberrations at the metaphase and at the ana- and telophase. The only significant increase in aberrant ana- and telophases was observed as a consequence of treatment with 1 m Mol streptomycin (30 °C, 48 hrs recovery). This increase was mainly caused by the presence of lagging chromosomes and was therefore the result of spindle damage and not of chromosome aberrations. This fact was verified by the nonsignificance of the increase in aberrant metaphases under the same treatment. The disadvantages of evaluation of chromosome aberrations in ana- and telophase are stressed in the discussion.
2. Simultaneous treatment with low doses of streptomycin (0.005, 0.0005 m Mol) and ethanol showed a decrease in the frequency of chromosome aberrations compared with their frequency after ethanol treatment alone.
3. Pretreatment with 0.05 m Mol streptomycin for 2 hrs reduced the number of chromosome aberrations, induced by ethanol.

In the course of six years, pollination interrelations and self-pollination ability were investigated in seven more important Sour Cherry (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) cultivars grown in Czechoslovakia. The success of pollination was evaluated according to the percentage of fully ripened fruits. A survey of results obtained is given in Table 1.
Reciprocal incompatibility was found between two cultivars (De Olivet, Brune de Bruxelles). Thus, the first incompatibility group in Sour Cherries has been established. The other varieties form combinations with different degrees of compatibility. The varieties studied are listed in Table 2 according to their general fertility and pollinating ability.
Complete autosterility was found in two cultivars (Körösi, Brune de Bruxelles), two others, on the other hand, showed a very high degree of self-fertility (Morello, Griotte de Vít). These two varieties also render the best results when intercrossed. The remaining cultivars (De Olivet, Griotte de Vacek and Ostheimer) are only very little self-fertile and need the presence of good pollinators to ensure a satisfactory crop.

1. Die Antherenlänge ist beiLilium henryi kein Massstab für das im Innern der Antheren ablaufende Stadium der Pollenmeiose und Pollenentwicklung. Es bestehen signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Antheren-Längen gleicher cytologischer Stadien zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Vegetationsperiode.
2. Durch amperometrische Titration bei 0° C in Stickstoffatmosphäre konnte in Extrakten des Tapetums und des Archespors eine zyklische Änderung im Gehalt an Thiol-Gruppen während zweier Vegetationsperioden gefunden werden. Der Sulfhydrylgehalt zeigte, bezogen auf den Stickstoffgehalt, synchrone Maxima im Pachytän und nach der Tetradenbildung.
3. Bezieht man die mg Äquivalente SH auf mm der Antherenlänge, so ergeben sich für das Archespor Maxima in der Diakinese und in der Metaphase 2, während im Tapetum Maxima des SH-Gehaltes während der Diakinese, kurz vor dem Tetradenzerfall und während der Einlagerung des Pollenfarbstoffes defunden werden. Daraus wird auf einen Transfer von SH-Gruppen aus dem Tapetum zu den Mikrosporen während der Metaphase 2 geschlossen.
4. Eine Änderung des Gehaltes an SS-Gruppen konnte während der Pollenmeiose und Pollenentwicklung nicht beobachtet werden.
5. Der grösste Teil der ermittelten Thiol-Gruppen liegt als Glutathion vor, während eine weitere SH-Verbindung, die nicht mit Cystein identisch ist, wahrscheinlich als Peptid vorliegt.
6. Auf einen meiose-induzierenden Effekt der SH-Verbindungen konnte aus vorliegenden Messungen nicht geschlossen werden.

In Vegetationskegeln vonTriticum aestivum von verschiedenem Entwicklungsalter wurden die organischen Säuren und der Einfluss von Malonat auf sie, wieauch auf den Qo₂ untersucht.
In der 3. und 4. Etappe der Organogenese wurden Akonitin-, Citronen-, Wein, und Phosphorsäure gefunden und ausserdem eine Ketosäure, wahrscheinlich α-Ketoglutarsäure. In der 2. Etappe der Organogenese traten Phosphor- und Milchsäure auf. Malonat beeinflusste den Qo₂ in der 2. Btappe der Organogenese nicht. In den höheren Entwicklungsetappen bewirkte es eine vollständige Atmungshemmung. Nach 2-3 Studen begannen aber die Vegetationskegel wieder normal zu atmen. Unter dem Einfluss von Malonat trat auf den Chromatogrammen von Vegetationskegeln dieses Entwicklungsalters Milchsäure und bei kurzfristiger Einwirkung des Inhibitors auch Spuren von Bernsteinsäure auf.
Die Versuchsergebnisse wurden in Hinblick auf den Ablauf des Citronensäurezyklus in Vegetationskegeln, sowie auch auf die Möglichkeit der Entstehung einer aeroben Gärung unter dem Einfluss von Malonat und dessen Abbau in den untersuchten Organen diskutiert.

After the application of a fractionated X-ray dose toArabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) plants, chlorine type mutations (simple recessive -cc- as compared with the normal type -CC-) characterised by changed proportions of chlorophyll colouring matter as well as a decreased leaf area, retarded development in the initial phase and a substantially longer vegetative cycle, make themselves apparent. In the course of future generations, however, these characteristics change in the direction of normal types and stabilise in the sixth generation. A genetical and cytological evaluation of this manifestation showed that this mutation is connected with lesser number of plastids in the assimilative tissues. This number remains standard in all generations of the chlorine type, but on the other hand, the size of the plastids increases.

The intensity of photosynthesis and the content of chlorophyll were estimated in disks cut out from different areas of fodder cabbage leaves (var. Coulet de Flandre). The content of chlorophyll per unit area was higher in the apical than in the basal part and in the central than in the peripheral part of the leaf. No significant differences were observed in the intensity of photosynthesis in samples removed from different parts of the leaf. The intensity of photosynthesis is not directly proportional to the dry weight of the sample although the dry weight per unit area is considerably higher in the apical than in the basal part of the leaf area.

The localization of the non-specific esterase was studied by azo- coupling methods (α nyphtyl acetate or naphtol AS acetate + fast blue RR) in the root tip of the broad bean Vicia faba L. on transverse sections at different distances from the apex. With AS acetate both on frozen sections of material fixed with Baker's calcium-formol and on sections of paraffin-embedded objects, fixed with modified Wolman's acidified alcohol a positive reaction was observed in central cylinder. Different localization was observed on Baker-fixed frozen and on Wolman-fixed paraffin embedded material with a acetate. On Wolman-fixed material an intensive staining appeared in root cap and within phloem poles of central cylinder, whereas on Baker-fixed objects the inner layers of primary core were the most intensively active. Thus, our previous results have been proved and further developed.

Blätter von Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi-nc, die mit Gurkenmosaikvirus (CMV) systemisch infiziert worden waren, wurden mit TabakmosaikvirusPurifikat (TMV) beimpft. Beim Vergleich mit den Kontrollpflanzen wurde unter dem Einfluss von CMV eine Herabsetzung der Susceptibilität für TMV beobachtet: Die Anzahl der Läsionen sank um 64-83%; die Läsionen wuchsen langsamer und die TMV-Konzentration lag bei ihnen (im Vergleich mit der Kontrolle nach einer sechstägigen TMV-Reproduktion) um 72-90% tiefer. Interferenzerscheinungen sind nicht beobachtet worden bei einem Zeitabstand von nur sieben Tagen zwischen den Infektionen beider Viren, wurden aber bei einem Zeitintervall zwischen den Inokulierungen mit beiden Viren von 19, 34, 40 und 68 Tagen beobachtet. Die Blattgewebe von N. tabacum

Seeds of apple and pear trees were found to contain 0-5-0-7% tryptophane expressed per dry weight. The hydrolyzate of the seeds contained tryptophane demonstrable microbiologically. Exogenous tryptophane applied to apple-tree shoots toward the end of the vegetation season gives rise to a new compound. Its R_F in isopropanol : ammonia : water (10 : 1 : 1) was found to be 0.08, in butanol : acetic acid : water (4:1:5) 0.25.

Wenn wir eine Keimwurzel der Puffbohne (Vicia faba L.) mehreremale nacheinander chloralisieren, entsteht in der Aussenschicht des Pleroms und in der Innenschicht des Periblems eine grosse Anzahl polyploider Zellen, die ein unregelmässiges Mosaik bilden, aus welchem ein transversales Meristem mixoploider Seitenwurzeln entsteht. An der Entstehung einer jeden von ihnen beteiligen sich durchschnittlich ungefähr dreissig Zellen und als Folge ihrer Tätigkeit durch-laufen die Wurzel neben diploiden noch einige polyploide Stränge oder Sektoren. Die Initialen der Seitenwurzeln können zweiseitig wie ein Kambium wirksam sein oder einseitig Zellen nur für die Wurzelhaube oder nur für die eigentliche Wurzel abteilen. An der Anlage von Seitenwurzeln können sich in chloralisierten Hauptwurzeln mehrere Zellschichten beteiligen. Im Laufe der Entwicklung mixoploider Wurzeln kann manche Schichte von Initialen durch eine benachbarte Schichte ersetzt werden, wodurch der weitere Verlauf des einen oder anderen Stranges oder Sektors im Wurzelscheitel eingestellt werden kann. Diploides und mixoploides Gewebe kann sich im Wurzelquerschnitt sehr unregelmässig verteilt äussern. Dennoch können mixoploide Wurzeln eine im ganzen normale äussere Form besitzen; die Unregelmässigkeiten entstehen durch die Ausschaltung polyploider Rippen aus der weiteren Entwicklung der Wurzel oder bei eutelischen und amorphen Stämmen. In Wurzeln, in denen polyploide Zellen in der Minderzahl sind, wirken sie als fremde Elemente und werden auf verschiedene Weise aus der weiteren Entwicklung des Scheitels ausgeschlossen. In den Wurzeln geht eine Art Selbstreinigung vor sich, die zu ihrer Diploidisierung führen kann; es ist aber wahrscheinlich, dass in den Scheiteln, die sich grösstenteils aus polyploiden Zellen zusammensetzen, ein umgekehrter Vorgang vor sich gehen kann, der zu ihrer völligen Polyploidisierung führt.

In the course of seven years, mutual compatibility relations in 16 Sweet Cherry cultivars, grown in Czechoslovakia were investigated. Successful pollinations were evaluated according to the percentage of fully ripe fruits. The results obtained are summarized in Table l.The fertility as well as the pollinating ability of the individual cultivars are recorded in Table 2.
It was found that the cultivar Emperor Francis, cultivated in this country, differs from the variety of the same name grown in Western Europe, belonging to another incompatibility group and thus being also of another genotype. It must therefore be designated as Emperor Francis B. It is incompatible with Bigarreau Noir de Winkler, belonging to incompatibility group II (genotype S¹S³).
All remaining cultivars investigated are mutually compatible. Therefore, when larger plantings of these cultivars are to be established, only the time of flowering should be considered.
Further, the conditions are discussed which may cause repeated incompatibility in one direction only. The probable cause lies in flower biology (i.e. the age of blossoms of maternal plant) not in genotypic constitution.

Für eine Unterscheidung vonAgrobacterium tumefaciens undAgrobacterium rhizogenes sind drei geeignete Differenzialpflanzen gefunden worden.
1. Bryophyllum diagremontiana reagiert auf Agrobacterium tumefaciens mit der Bildung von Tumoren 32 Tage nach der Beimpfung und durch eine Stimulierung des Wuchses der Würzelchen am Rande der Tumoren (nach 52 Tagen). Bei Bryophyllum tubiflorum beträgt die Inkubationsfrist der Tumoren und der Würzelchen 30 Tage. Solanum laciniatum weist eine Inkubationsfrist für Tumoren von 15 Tagen auf, aber es kommt zu keiner Stimulierung des Würzeichenwachstums.
2. Nach einer Inokulierung mit Agrobacterium rhizogenes weisen alle drei Pflanzenarten gleiche Kennzeichen auf; Stimulierung der Würzelchen; aber die Inkubationsfrist ist verschieden (36-52 Tage), doch kommt es zu keiner Tumorbildung mehr.
3. Nach der Inokulierung mit einer Mischung von Agrobacterium tumefaciens und Agrobacterium rhizogenes bildeten sich bei Bryophyllum diagremontiana an der Impfstelle kleinere Tumoren, als bei ausschliesslicher Verwendung des Stammes Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Die Würzelchen durchwuchsen jedoch unmittelbar den Tumor. Bei Bryophyllum tubiflorum und Solanum laciniatum stimuliert die angegebene Mischung nur das Wachstum von Tumoren, die kleiner sind, als die von Agrobacterum tumefaciens hervorgerufenen und eine körnige Oberfläche haben; zu einer Stimulierung eines Würzeichenwachstums kommt es nicht.
4. Pflanzen von Bryophyllum diagremontiana wurden dekapitiert und die Schnittfläche mit Agrobacterium tumefaciens beimpft. So kam es zu einer starken Tumorbildung und zur Inhibierung des Wachstums der Achsenknospen des obersten Internodiums sowie zu seiner auffälligen Verdickung. Nach einer Inokulierung mit Agrobacterium rhizogenes kam es weder zu einer Würzelchen- noch zu einer Tumorbildung, das dekapitierte Internodium blieb am Leben, während es bei den Kontrollpflanzen eintrocknete. Nach einer Beimpfung mit einer Mischung beider Bakterien blieben die Tumoren kleiner und waren manchmal mit Würzelchen versehen, aber zu einer Verdickung des Internodiums kam es nicht.

Potassium humate stimulated growth of wheat, increased the activity of phosphatase in the leaves and roots and and the activity of catalase in the roots.
A higher temperature (30° C) during cultivation caused a decline in the activity of phosphatase in the roots and leaves and a decline in the activity of catalase in the leaves. Anaesthetization of the embryos with chloroform retarded growth, increased the activity of the phosphatase only during the first days and increased the activity of the catalase. Similarly, removal of the endosperm caused growth to slow down. Wheat cultivated in this way had increased activity of catalase and phosphatase. The activity of phosphatase in the leaves of all variants and controls, was substantially lower than in the roots as compared with catalase, which was several times as active in the leaves as in the roots. Activity of catalase in both leaves and roots declined, in most cases, with age. Catalase activity declined with age only in the roots while it increased in the leaves.
The activity of the catalase is probably less dependent on the growth rate and depends rather on nutrition, the formation of chlorophyl, photosynthetic activity and like that. From both sources of reference and our experimental results, it can be seen that no simple relation exists between the activity of observed enzymes and the growth rate; the relationship is more complicated.

An investigation was made as to whether the cultivation conditions of algae affect their respiratory metabolism. Chlorella pyrenoidosa (82), Scenedesmus obliquus (125) and Euglena gracilis (259) were cultivated both in a static and shaken culture.
It was found that shaking considerably affects the respiratory metabolism of algae. The shaken cultures, in contrast to the static ones, display a higher O₂ consumption and have mostly a different RQ. It is possible that the differences observed are due to accelerated development and ageing of the shaken cultures.
It thus appears that shaking is an important factor in cultivation which must be taken into account during growth of experimental material. The values of RQ found here to be about 1-3 point to the fact that anaerobic glycolytic processes can proceed even under fully aerobic conditions. The culture of Scenedesmus obliquus (125) appears to have a less adaptable metabolism and does not respond to environmental changes as readily as Euglena gracilis or Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

The authors submit the results of a chromatographic determination of free amino acids and protein fractions, soluble in ethanol and alkali, and insoluble, in the flower and vegetative buds of two almond varieties showing a different frost-resistance i.e. Non-plus-ultra and Vochtchaberdi. The buds were removed at different times between autumn (20.9.59) and spring (31.3.60). The Chromatographie determination of amino acids in buds showed the following:
1. During the autumn-winter season there is a clearly perceptible difference in the content and pattern of amino acids of almost all fractions in flower and vegetative buds. The sharpest difference is found in the content and pattern of free amino acids and protein fractions soluble in ethanol, while in those soluble in alkali and insoluble, it is less.
2. The difference in the amino acid content in the buds disappears during the spring when they are bursting and growing.
3. In the almond Vochtchaberdi which is highly frost-resistant, preparation for the winter begins earlier than in the Non-plus-ultra, a variety with a weak frost-resistance. An earlier increase of the number of amino acids and total amino-acid content of the buds is indicative of this fact.

Two techniques recently described for the demonstration of protein SH in animal material were appllied to plant objects in this work: the technique with β-oxynaphthylmercurichloride and that with p-nitrobromacetophenone. These techniques together with DDD¹ and RSR¹ usually produced more intense staining in plant cell nuclei than in the cytoplasm. When reactions for protein carboxyls and tyrosine were used, similar differences in the intensity of staining the nuclei and cytoplasm were observed. It appears that the differences in the intensity of reactions for protein SH groups correspond to the differences in the concentration of total protein in plant meristematic cell nuclei and cytoplasm.

Leaf cells of healthy cucumber and cucumber infected with Cucumber virus 4 were studied living and fixed, using optical and electron microscopy. Under the electron microscope the infected leaves displayed changes in the structure of the ergastoplasm, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, bodies with an osmiophil matrix and chloroplasts. The chloroplasts exhibit symptoms of fatty degeneration which affects above all the lamellar systems of grana and intergrana. Weakly osmiophil globules, abundant in damaged chloroplasts, are probably formed through degeneration of grana. Chloroplasts of infected plants resemble some transitional stages of plastids observed during chromoplast formation. The problems of localization of viruses in the cell and degeneration are discussed.

Auf Grund morphologischer Versuche mit Syringa vulgaris, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Philadelphus coronarius, Aesculus hippocastanum, Acer negundo und Bryophyllum crenatum wurde in dieser Arbeit die Abhängigkeit der Erhaltung entspreiteter Blattstiele von den korrelativen Einflüssen anderer Teile der Pflanze untersucht und die Möglichkeit der Nachahmung dieser Korrelationen mittels synthetischer Wuchsstoffe geprüft. Es zeigte sich, dass die Ganzheit der Pflanze, die vor allem durch die Regulationswirkungen der Wurzeln und Blätter bedingt ist, aus dem Verhalten der entspreiteten Stiele klarer hervorgeht als aus dem der ganzen Blätter. Dabei kommen Kompensationen, Polaritätsverhältnisse und embryonale Determinationen zur Geltung.

It was the objective of the present communication to establish the effect of short-term aeration with air alone or air enriched with 5% carbon dioxide on growth and oxidative metabolism of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. An organic medium was used to permit the investigation of the effect of aeration (one hour a day) both under illumination and in continual darkness.
Short-term aeration with air either alone or enriched with carbon dioxide increases dry-weight production both in the light and darkness. We are thus not dealing here with a mere effect on photosynthesis. This treatment affects the oxidative metabolism of the alga: oxygen uptake was always higher in those cultures which were more aerobic during cultivation (aerated cultures in the dark and non-aerated, or only with pure air cultures in light). Cultures in the individual variants display different endogenous respiration when measured manometrically.

The buds remowed from the fruit-bearing cluster bases of trees with fruit had a higher concentration of free asparagine and of some free amino-acids than the buds taken from trees without fruit. The quantitative relationship between amino acids in the hydrolyzates of the buds from the trees with and without fruit was very similar.

The sequence of intensities with which pollen tubes utilize tested sugars from their 0.3 M solutions, is the following: sucrose >glucose >invert sugar > >fructose. The same sequence is maintained in sugar-agar media with the exception of the first two hours of incubation when sucrose, glucose and fructose are all utilized at a practically equal rate. During this period no pollen tubes were formed in the presence of fructose, in common with the sugar-free control, while in the presence of sucrose they reached a length of up to 450 µ. If sucrose was used as carrier for radioactive sugars, fructose-¹⁴C was utilized up to 12 times and glucose-¹⁴C as much as 6 times more actively than sucrose-¹⁴C. When sucrose + glucose or sucrose + fructose (in molar ratio 1 : 1) were used the pollen tubes utilized sucrose-¹⁴C at a slower rate than the corresponding monosaccharide and also at a slower rate than observed with sucrose alone. When glucose or fructose was used as carrier for sucrose-¹⁴C . the carbon dioxide-¹⁴C production by the pollen tubes was (during several time intervals of the experiment) several tens per cent higher than when sucrose served as carrier. Fructose is utilized preferentially from a medium with invert sugar.
It thus appears that the capacity of the pollen enzymic systems for incorporating the sugars tested into their respiratory pathways is as follows: fructose >glucose > sucrose, this sequence being the opposite to that found for the intensity of their growth effect and to that established for the rate of their utilization, unless present in combination. The specific growth effect of sucrose cannot thus be due primarily to the rate of its absorption or to the intensty of its utilization. The rapid rate of utilization of sucrose alone is due to the more intense growth in the presence of sucrose. The results obtained further suggest that sucrose is utilized above all via its inversion when the fructose component is respired preferentially.

From photoperiodic experiments and an anatomic study of the shoot apex in the facultative short-day plantsPerilla ocimoides L. it was shown in all cases that gibberellic acid (GA) application did not accelerate flower induction. Between the development grades 2 and 4, GA caused a certain temporary acceleration which, however, completely equalised in a short period and plants of both variants SD and SD+GA flowered at the same time. Long day plants (LDand LD+GA) also flowered simultaneously with a certain delay. GA caused the total length of the plant to increase in both cases by more than a double, while preserving practically the same number of leaf pairs in variants under the same photoperiodic regime.

Analyses of free amino acids and amides in the axial parts of apple-trees with and without flower-bud initiation were carried out. The results obtained mostly on the basis of investigations carried out during a single vegetation season, indicate that the ratio and content of free amino acids and amides in the axial parts of apple-trees are influenced primarily by the growth of the axial parts and by nitrogen supply to the roots. These findings are in agreement with the results of Oland (1959). In fruit-bearing trees a high content of free amino acids and amides could be demonstrated, together with an increased ratio of soluble to insoluble nitrogenous compounds solely in the fruit-bearing new cluster bases (bourses). This finding is in accord with the results of Haeley and co-workers (1942). No apparent relationship could be established between the content and ratio of free amino acids and amides, and the ratio between soluble and insoluble nitrogen compounds on the one hand, and flower-bud initiation, on the other. The investigation is being continued.